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Candesartan 16 mg 12.5 13 15 16 mg 12.5 g/1,000 (3) Caffeine Concentration of the Drug. concentrations were determined by direct determination based upon the mass of active ingredient and the mass of diterpenes drug. caffeine was determined by using standard methods (14). The concentration of diterpenes was determined by chemical analysis of extracts obtained from dried leaves of L. rhamnosus with an ion-pair mass spectrometer (15). The concentration of caffeine was determined to be from 9.6 20.0 mg/mg of the dry weight leaf extract in the absence of other plant material (16). The standard reference range was 0.03 to 5.0 mg/mg of the dry weight dried leaves (17).
Results and Discussion
The present study showed that both caffeine and l-theanine had potent antiinflammatory effects as well antiadipogenesis in vivo by inhibiting the expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism, lipid and adipogenesis. These studies demonstrated that the antiinflammatory and lipid-lowering effects of the green tea catechins are result of inhibition the expression pro-inflammatory and lipid-lowering genes, respectively.
The results of present study demonstrate that green tea catechins inhibit the expression of proinflammatory and lipid-lowering genes by inhibiting their translocation to the nucleus and by inhibiting their transcription. The results are in accordance with the concept that inhibition of their translocation to the nucleus is a major mechanism of the antiinflammatory and lipid-lowering effects of green tea catechins. As a result of the inhibition their translocation to nucleus by l-theanine, the expression of proinflammatory and lipid-lowering genes, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, interleukin 1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon gamma, was significantly decreased. In addition, the expression of proinflammatory and lipid-lowering genes, such as prostaglandin E2, cyclooxygenase 2, and leukocyte adhesion molecule-1, was increased, whereas a decreased expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase 1 and catalase, was observed. The inhibition of translocation proinflammatory and lipid-lowering genes by inhibition of their transcription was consistent with the results obtained by Western blotting analysi